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What rental yields can you get with your villa rental in Zanzibar? (2026)

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Authored by the expert who managed and guided the team behind the Tanzania Property Pack

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Zanzibar has become one of East Africa's most watched real estate markets, with villa rentals attracting growing interest from foreign investors looking for strong returns in a tourism-driven economy.

In this article, we break down exactly what rental yields villa owners are achieving in Zanzibar in 2026, whether short-term or long-term rentals make more financial sense, and what you can realistically do to improve your returns.

We keep this blog post regularly updated so the numbers you see here reflect the most current data available.

And if you're planning to buy a property in this place, you may want to download our pack covering the real estate market in Zanzibar.

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Grace Makoye 🇹🇿

Manager of Operations, Zinza Real Estate

Grace Makoye knows Zanzibar’s real estate inside out. As Manager of Operations at Zinza Real Estate, she connects clients with top beachfront homes and commercial spaces. Looking to invest on the island? She’ll guide you every step of the way.

What rental yield can I realistically expect from a villa in Zanzibar as of 2026?

How much monthly rent can a typical villa generate in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, a typical villa in Zanzibar can generate somewhere between around 3,450,000 TZS and 6,900,000 TZS per month (roughly $1,500 to $3,000, or about 1,400 to 2,800 EUR), depending on the location, size, and quality of the property.

At the entry level, a basic villa in a less central area like Bububu or parts of Unguja's northern coast can realistically bring in around 1,150,000 to 2,300,000 TZS per month (roughly $500 to $1,000, or about 460 to 930 EUR).

A mid-range villa in a more desirable area like Nungwi or Kendwa typically commands around 3,450,000 to 5,750,000 TZS per month (roughly $1,500 to $2,500, or about 1,400 to 2,300 EUR), which is where most investor-grade properties sit.

At the high end, a well-positioned luxury villa in Matemwe or Paje facing the ocean can comfortably achieve 6,900,000 to 11,500,000 TZS per month (roughly $3,000 to $5,000, or about 2,800 to 4,600 EUR), particularly when marketed to expatriates or high-spending tourists on long stays.

Sources and methodology: we cross-referenced rental listings from Jumia House Tanzania and Property Index Tanzania with figures from AirDNA to estimate realistic monthly rent ranges for villas in Zanzibar. We applied a currency conversion at prevailing 2026 rates and adjusted for property type and location. Our own field data and internal analyses were also used to validate and refine these estimates.

What is the average gross rental yield for villas in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, the average gross rental yield for villas in Zanzibar sits at around 6% to 7% per year, making it a competitive market by East African standards.

The realistic range for most villa properties in Zanzibar in 2026 runs from about 5% at the lower end up to around 9% for better-positioned properties, so there is meaningful variation depending on the asset.

The single most important factor that separates high-yield villas from low-yield ones in Zanzibar is not size or finish, but proximity to a swimmable beach, because coastal access directly determines nightly rates and occupancy in this tourism-driven market.

Compared to apartments in Zanzibar, villas generally produce higher gross yields by 1 to 2 percentage points, largely because villas serve both the short-term tourist rental market and the long-term expatriate rental segment, giving owners more flexibility.

Sources and methodology: we consulted reports from Knight Frank Tanzania and CBRE East Africa alongside market data from Property Index Tanzania to estimate gross yields. Yield calculations were cross-checked using purchase price benchmarks and rental income estimates from multiple local platforms. We also incorporated our own proprietary analyses to ensure the figures reflect current market realities.

What is the average net rental yield for villas in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, the average net rental yield for villas in Zanzibar is around 5% to 6% per year after deducting operating costs from gross rental income.

The realistic net yield range for most villas in Zanzibar spans from about 4% at the lower end up to around 7% to 8% for properties that are well managed and efficiently operated.

The three largest expense categories that typically eat into gross yield for Zanzibar villas are property management fees (which often run 15% to 20% of rental income given the reliance on local agents), maintenance and repairs (elevated by the island's humid coastal climate, which accelerates wear on materials), and local levies including tourism licensing fees.

Overall, villa owners in Zanzibar typically spend around 25% to 35% of their gross rental income on all operating expenses combined, which is why net yields tend to be noticeably lower than gross yields in this market.

By the way, you will find much more detailed data in our property pack covering the real estate market in Zanzibar.

Sources and methodology: we used data from Zanzibar Investment Authority (ZIA) and Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC) alongside Knight Frank Tanzania to build net yield estimates. Operating cost structures were validated through property management fee benchmarks and local tax data. Our own research into recurring maintenance costs on Zanzibar properties was also incorporated into these calculations.

Are rental yields for villas in Zanzibar going up or down in 2026?

As of early 2026, rental yields for villas in Zanzibar are on a slightly upward trend, driven by growing international demand that is pushing rental prices faster than property purchase prices have risen.

The single most important market factor driving this trend is the sharp increase in direct international flight routes to Zanzibar, particularly from the Gulf and Europe, which has expanded the pool of high-spending tourists and short-stay visitors seeking villa accommodation.

Over the past 12 months, villa owners in well-located areas like Nungwi and Matemwe have seen rental yield improvements of roughly 0.5 to 1 percentage point, while villas in less touristic inland or peri-urban zones have remained broadly flat.

Looking ahead over the next 12 to 24 months, the outlook for villa rental yields in Zanzibar remains cautiously positive, with continued tourism infrastructure investment and the expansion of Zanzibar's international airport likely to sustain demand, though oversupply risk in the premium villa segment is worth watching.

You'll find our latest property market analysis about Zanzibar here.

Sources and methodology: we drew on economic outlook reports from the World Bank East Africa and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), alongside tourism trend data from AirDNA. Yield trend analysis was built by comparing current rental prices against purchase prices tracked over the past 24 months. Our internal market monitoring data for Zanzibar was also used to identify directional trends.

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How easy is it to find long-term tenants for your villa in Zanzibar?

How many months per year are villas usually rented in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, villas in Zanzibar are typically rented out for around 9 to 10 months per year on average for long-term rentals, which is a strong occupancy profile by regional standards.

In practice, the range across different villas runs from as low as 7 months per year for poorly located or poorly marketed properties, up to a near-continuous 11 months for villas in prime beach areas like Kendwa or Paje with established tenant networks.

The single most common reason villas in Zanzibar experience vacancy periods is not lack of demand but rather tenant turnover linked to the expatriate rental market, where a large share of long-term tenants are NGO workers, diplomats, or project-based professionals on fixed-term contracts who leave after one to two years.

The months that typically see the highest vacancy rates for villas in Zanzibar are May and June, which fall in the long rainy season (known locally as Masika), when fewer new tenants are looking to move and the island is less active generally.

Sources and methodology: we referenced tenancy data and property management benchmarks from Property Index Tanzania and cross-checked with listings activity on Jumia House Tanzania and reports from Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC). Seasonal vacancy patterns were validated against tourism arrival statistics and local market intelligence. Our own observations from tracking villa listings over multiple rental cycles in Zanzibar also informed these figures.

What occupancy rate do villa owners achieve in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, villa owners in Zanzibar achieve a typical annual occupancy rate of around 85% to 90% for long-term rentals, which translates to roughly 10 to 11 months of income per year.

The realistic range covers most Zanzibar villas, running from around 70% occupancy for basic or poorly located properties up to 95% for well-managed villas in the most desirable coastal zones.

The single most important factor determining whether a Zanzibar villa achieves above or below average occupancy is whether it was originally built or adapted to international expatriate standards, meaning reliable backup power (a generator or solar system), consistent water supply, and air conditioning throughout, since properties lacking these basics are consistently passed over by the high-spending tenant segment that drives occupancy in this market.

We cover everything there is to know about buying and renting out in Zanzibar here.

Sources and methodology: we built occupancy rate estimates using data from AirDNA for short-term segments and from Knight Frank Tanzania for the long-term market, then cross-referenced with Zanzibar Investment Authority (ZIA) market reports. Property management benchmarks from local operators were used to refine the long-term occupancy figures. Our own research on tenant preferences and property quality requirements in Zanzibar was also factored into these estimates.

How long does it usually take to find a tenant for a villa in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, it typically takes between 1 and 3 months to find a long-term tenant for a villa in Zanzibar, which is broadly in line with comparable island property markets in East Africa.

In practice, the range runs from as little as 2 to 4 weeks for well-priced villas in high-demand areas like Nungwi or Stone Town, to 4 to 6 months for properties in more peripheral locations or those priced above the market rate.

The fastest time to find tenants in Zanzibar is typically between November and January, when a wave of expatriate workers, international NGO staff, and professionals begin new assignments on the island and are actively looking for medium to long-term accommodation ahead of the busy season.

Sources and methodology: we used rental listing turnover data from Jumia House Tanzania and Property Index Tanzania, combined with seasonal arrival patterns from Tanzania's tourism statistics via the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. Time-to-let figures were further validated through property management agency benchmarks and our own monitoring of villa listing activity in Zanzibar across multiple seasons.
infographics rental yields citiesZanzibar

We did some research and made this infographic to help you quickly compare rental yields of the major cities in Tanzania versus those in neighboring countries. It provides a clear view of how this country positions itself as a real estate investment destination, which might interest you if you’re planning to invest there.

Is short term or long term rental more profitable for villas in Zanzibar as of 2026?

Are short term villa rentals legally allowed in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, short-term villa rentals are legally allowed in Zanzibar, but operators are required to register with the Zanzibar Commission for Tourism (ZCT) and obtain the appropriate tourism accommodation license before they can legally host guests.

There is no fixed annual cap on the number of days per year that villa owners in Zanzibar can rent on a short-term basis, unlike some European markets, meaning you can in principle run a short-term rental year-round provided you hold the correct license.

To operate legally, villa owners in Zanzibar must obtain a tourism accommodation facility license from the Zanzibar Commission for Tourism, comply with health and safety standards required for tourist facilities, and register with the Tanzania Revenue Authority for tax purposes on rental income.

Operating an unlicensed short-term rental in Zanzibar can result in fines and the closure of the property by tourism authorities, with reported penalties typically ranging from the equivalent of several hundred to several thousand US dollars depending on the severity and duration of the violation.

By the way, we also have a blog article detailing whether owning an Airbnb rental is profitable in Zanzibar.

Sources and methodology: we reviewed the regulatory framework for short-term rentals using official documentation from the Zanzibar Investment Authority (ZIA) and cross-referenced with licensing requirements published by the Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC). Penalty information was validated through legal commentary and investor guidance materials available in the public domain. Our own research into the regulatory environment for foreign villa owners in Zanzibar also contributed to this section.

What gross yield can short term villa rentals reach in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, short-term villa rentals in Zanzibar can typically reach a gross yield of around 10% to 12% per year in well-located tourist areas, which is meaningfully higher than the long-term rental market.

The realistic range for short-term villa gross yields in Zanzibar in 2026 runs from about 7% for villas in lower-demand areas or those with inconsistent management, up to 14% or more for properties in top-tier locations like Nungwi or Paje that are professionally managed and well-reviewed online.

The single most important factor determining short-term yield in Zanzibar is not the villa's size or design, but its online review profile and listing quality on platforms like Airbnb and Booking.com, since Zanzibar's short-term rental market is almost entirely driven by international visitors who rely heavily on ratings before booking.

Finally please note that you will have all the profitability indicators you need in our property pack covering the real estate market in Zanzibar.

Sources and methodology: we used short-term rental performance data from AirDNA for Zanzibar specifically, combining nightly rate data with occupancy estimates to calculate annualized gross yields. These figures were cross-referenced with villa purchase price benchmarks from Property Index Tanzania and Knight Frank Tanzania. Our own tracking of short-term rental performance across different villa zones in Zanzibar was used to validate the range.

What gross yield can long term villa rentals reach in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, long-term villa rentals in Zanzibar typically achieve a gross yield of around 6% to 7% per year, which is lower than short-term but comes with significantly less management effort and more predictable income.

The realistic range for long-term villa gross yields in Zanzibar runs from about 4% to 5% for higher-priced luxury villas where purchase prices have risen faster than achievable rents, up to 8% to 9% for mid-range villas in expat-friendly neighborhoods like Jambiani or parts of Stone Town outskirts.

The biggest advantage long-term villa rentals have over short-term in Zanzibar in terms of yield stability is that they are not exposed to seasonal income collapse, meaning owners continue receiving rent through the April to June low season when short-term demand drops sharply and revenue can fall by 50% or more month on month.

Sources and methodology: we built long-term yield estimates using rental price data from Jumia House Tanzania and Property Index Tanzania, combined with property valuation benchmarks from CBRE East Africa. Seasonal income stability comparisons were informed by AirDNA's occupancy data for Zanzibar across the full calendar year. Our own portfolio-level analysis of long-term versus short-term income patterns in Zanzibar also contributed to these figures.

What occupancy rate do short term villas achieve in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, short-term villas in Zanzibar achieve a typical annual occupancy rate of around 70% to 80%, though this average masks significant variation between peak and low season months.

The realistic range for most short-term villa properties in Zanzibar runs from as low as 55% to 60% for properties in less touristic areas or those with weaker online profiles, up to 85% to 90% for top-rated beachfront villas in Nungwi, Kendwa, or Paje.

During peak season (December to March), short-term villa occupancy in Zanzibar commonly reaches 90% to 95%, while during the low season months of April through June, occupancy can drop to 30% to 45%, which is the single biggest risk factor for short-term rental owners in this market.

To match the profitability of a long-term rental in Zanzibar, short-term villa owners typically need to achieve a minimum annual occupancy of around 60% to 65%, factoring in the higher operating costs (management fees, cleaning, platform commissions) that come with short-term operations.

Sources and methodology: we relied primarily on AirDNA's Zanzibar-specific occupancy data and cross-referenced with seasonal tourism arrival statistics from the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. Peak versus low season occupancy figures were validated using monthly booking patterns tracked across multiple villa listings in Zanzibar. Our own internal benchmarks for short-term rental performance on the island were also used to refine these estimates.

How seasonal is villa rental income in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, villa rental income in Zanzibar is highly seasonal, with very significant income differences between peak and low season months that can make annual cash flow planning challenging for owners.

Roughly 55% to 65% of total annual villa rental income in Zanzibar is typically generated during the peak season months alone, which gives a strong sense of how concentrated the earnings are across the calendar year.

The peak rental season for villas in Zanzibar runs from December through March, coinciding with the dry season and the main wave of European, Middle Eastern, and South African visitors, with July and August also forming a secondary peak driven by European summer tourism.

The income ratio between the highest-earning month (typically December or January) and the lowest-earning month (typically May) for villa rentals in Zanzibar is commonly around 3 to 1, meaning a villa generating $6,000 in its best month might bring in only $2,000 or less during the slowest month of the rainy season.

You can also check our latest update about the rent data in Zanzibar.

Sources and methodology: we used monthly revenue and occupancy data from AirDNA for Zanzibar across a 12-month period, combined with tourism arrival seasonality data from the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. Income concentration ratios were calculated based on monthly rental income distributions for a sample of tracked villas. Our own monitoring of seasonal rental pricing patterns in Zanzibar was also used to validate these figures.

Which strategy gives better net yield for villas in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, short-term rentals generally give better net yields for villas in Zanzibar (typically 8% to 10% net) compared to long-term rentals (typically 5% to 6% net), but only for owners who are willing to manage the operational complexity and seasonal cash flow swings that come with the short-term model.

The single most important factor that determines which strategy will give better net yield for a specific villa in Zanzibar is whether the property is within walking distance of a beach that is swimmable year-round, because inland or lagoon-adjacent villas with tidal flats (like parts of the east coast) attract far weaker short-term demand and cannot command the nightly rates needed to outperform long-term rental income.

Long-term rentals can actually give better net yield than short-term rentals in Zanzibar for villas that are located more than 1 kilometer from the beach, priced above $400,000 (where purchase prices make achieving high short-term occupancy rates necessary to justify the premium), or managed by owners who are not based on the island and therefore rely on local management companies whose fees significantly reduce short-term net returns.

Sources and methodology: we combined net yield data from Knight Frank Tanzania and CBRE East Africa with short-term performance data from AirDNA to model comparative net yields under both strategies. Management cost structures for absentee owners were validated through local property management fee benchmarks. Our own analysis of net return differences by villa location and price tier in Zanzibar was also incorporated into this section.

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How can I increase my villa rental yield in Zanzibar as of 2026?

What renovations give the highest ROI for villas in Zanzibar?

The three renovations that give the highest return on investment for villa rental yields in Zanzibar in 2026 are adding or upgrading a private swimming pool, installing reliable solar power with battery storage (which directly addresses the number one concern of both short-term guests and long-term expatriate tenants about power reliability), and improving outdoor living areas such as covered terraces, gardens, and outdoor dining spaces that suit the island lifestyle.

In Zanzibar, these high-impact renovations typically deliver an ROI of around 15% to 30% in added rental income relative to the cost of the improvement, with the solar upgrade often paying back within 3 to 4 years through both higher rents and reduced electricity costs.

The single most cost-effective improvement villa owners in Zanzibar can make without a major renovation is investing in professional photography and a well-written, optimized listing on Airbnb and Booking.com, which consistently shows a 20% to 30% uplift in bookings for properties that upgrade from poor to strong listing quality.

The renovation that villa owners in Zanzibar should most often avoid because it rarely pays off is adding a second swimming pool or an elaborate gym, as the incremental rent premium these generate is too small relative to their construction and maintenance costs in a coastal island environment where upkeep is expensive and corrosion is accelerated.

You'll find a much more detailed analysis of the profitable rental strategies in our property pack covering the real estate market in Zanzibar.

Sources and methodology: we reviewed renovation ROI data using insights from Knight Frank Tanzania and CBRE East Africa, cross-referenced with short-term rental performance uplifts tracked via AirDNA for Zanzibar properties before and after improvements. Guest review analysis and listing quality impact data were also used to validate the recommendation on photography and listing optimization. Our own observations from tracking renovated villas in the Zanzibar market contributed to the ROI ranges cited.

What pricing strategy maximizes villa rental yield in Zanzibar as of 2026?

As of early 2026, the pricing strategy that maximizes villa rental yield in Zanzibar is dynamic pricing that adjusts nightly or monthly rates based on seasonality, local events (such as Zanzibar International Film Festival in July), and real-time occupancy levels rather than keeping a fixed price year-round.

The optimal price adjustment between peak season and low season for villa owners in Zanzibar is typically a reduction of around 40% to 50% during the slowest months (April to June) relative to peak season rates, since keeping prices too high during the rainy season results in extended vacancy that costs more in lost income than the discount would.

The single most common pricing mistake that villa owners in Zanzibar make is setting their low season rate too close to their peak season rate out of reluctance to discount, which leads to months of near-zero occupancy during the Masika rains when even a significantly lower rate would still generate meaningful income.

Villa owners in Zanzibar should review and adjust their rental pricing at least monthly, and ideally on a weekly basis during peak season and around major events, since competing listings on Airbnb and Booking.com adjust dynamically and static pricing quickly becomes uncompetitive in a market as booking-platform-driven as Zanzibar.

Sources and methodology: we used seasonal pricing and occupancy correlation data from AirDNA for Zanzibar, combined with event calendar data and its observed impact on short-term rental demand. Dynamic pricing strategy benchmarks were cross-referenced with guidance from Knight Frank Tanzania and platform analytics available through Property Index Tanzania. Our own analysis of pricing patterns and their revenue outcomes across tracked Zanzibar villa listings also informed these recommendations.
infographics map property prices Zanzibar

We created this infographic to give you a simple idea of how much it costs to buy property in different parts of Tanzania. As you can see, it breaks down price ranges and property types for popular cities in the country. We hope this makes it easier to explore your options and understand the market.

What sources have we used to write this blog article?

Whether it's in our blog articles or the market analyses included in our property pack about Zanzibar, we always rely on the strongest methodology we can ... and we don't throw out numbers at random.

We also aim to be fully transparent, so below we've listed the authoritative sources we used, and explained how we used them and the methods behind our estimates.

Source Why it's reliable How we used it
Zanzibar Investment Authority (ZIA) This is Zanzibar's official government investment agency, so the data it publishes directly reflects the real regulatory and market environment for property investors on the island. We used ZIA's published reports to understand the real estate market structure and official investment climate in Zanzibar in 2026. We also used their regulatory guidance to verify the licensing requirements for villa rental operations.
Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics As Tanzania's central statistical agency, it provides verified and official national data on population, economic conditions, and tourism arrivals that directly affect property demand. We relied on their economic and population data to contextualize rental demand projections for Zanzibar. We also used their tourism arrival statistics to validate seasonal occupancy patterns.
World Bank East Africa The World Bank produces detailed country-level economic reports with a rigorous research methodology, making its Tanzania-focused analyses a strong reference for macroeconomic context. We consulted their reports on Tanzania's economic growth trajectory and real estate investment environment. We used these insights to set the broader economic backdrop for rental yield trends in Zanzibar.
Knight Frank Tanzania Knight Frank is one of the most established international real estate consultancies operating in East Africa, with transparent research methodology and direct market presence in Tanzania. We used Knight Frank's published research to cross-check gross and net rental yield estimates for villas in Zanzibar. We also referenced their property valuation benchmarks to anchor our purchase price assumptions.
Jumia House Tanzania Jumia House is a widely used real estate listing platform in Tanzania, giving direct visibility into actual asking rents and property prices on the market at any given time. We cross-referenced active villa rental listings to estimate realistic monthly rent ranges for different segments. We also tracked listing turnover to estimate time-to-let for villas in Zanzibar.
Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC) TIC is the official Tanzanian government body overseeing foreign investment, including real estate, which makes it the primary reference for understanding investment rules and trends. We reviewed TIC's reports on foreign investor activity in Zanzibar's property market. We also used their regulatory guidance to clarify licensing and ownership rules for foreign villa owners.
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) The EIU is a globally recognized research organization that publishes detailed economic and sector forecasts based on rigorous analytical models, making it a credible source for forward-looking outlook. We used EIU's economic and real estate sector analyses to inform our 12 to 24 month rental yield outlook for Zanzibar. We also used their regional comparisons to benchmark Zanzibar's yield profile against similar markets.
AirDNA AirDNA is the leading data platform for short-term rental market analytics, aggregating real booking and revenue data from Airbnb and Vrbo listings globally, including Zanzibar. We used AirDNA's Zanzibar-specific data to estimate short-term occupancy rates, seasonal revenue patterns, and gross yield ranges for villas. We also used their monthly performance data to calculate the peak-to-low-season income ratio.
CBRE East Africa CBRE is a global real estate services firm with an active East Africa presence, producing market reports that draw on transactional data and professional appraisals rather than listed prices alone. We used CBRE East Africa's reports to cross-verify villa yield data and property price benchmarks in Zanzibar. We also referenced their cost analysis to validate the operating expense ratios used in our net yield calculations.
Property Index Tanzania Property Index is a specialized local Tanzanian platform focused on property prices and rental data, giving it direct relevance for understanding on-the-ground market conditions in Zanzibar. We used Property Index's figures to validate and cross-check monthly rental price ranges and gross yield estimates for villas. We also used their listing data to track how long villas typically remain on the market before being rented.
Zanzibar Commission for Tourism As the official body regulating tourism activities in Zanzibar, including accommodation licensing, it is the primary authoritative source on the legal framework for short-term villa rentals. We reviewed their licensing requirements and regulatory framework to explain the legal conditions under which short-term villa rentals can operate in Zanzibar. We also used their enforcement guidelines to describe the penalties for unlicensed operations.
Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) TRA is the official tax authority for Tanzania, making it the definitive source for understanding tax obligations on rental income for villa owners, including those registered for tourism purposes. We consulted TRA's published guidance on rental income taxation to inform our net yield calculations and explain the tax registration requirements for short-term rental operators in Zanzibar. We used their rate schedules to estimate the tax component of operating expenses.
Booking.com Booking.com is one of the largest global accommodation booking platforms with a strong presence in Zanzibar, making its listings and pricing data a direct reflection of the active short-term rental market. We used Booking.com villa listing data to cross-reference nightly rates and seasonal pricing patterns in Zanzibar. We also referenced it to assess the impact of listing quality and guest reviews on booking rates for villas in the market.

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