How to make a good property investment in Dakar

Last updated on January 18, 2024

Yes, the analysis of Dakar's property market is included in our pack

Dakar, the capital of Senegal, is a city with untapped potential in the real estate market. Discover the opportunities that await you in this dynamic West African metropolis.

How is the real estate market there? Are prices going up or going down? Do people make profits on their real estate investments? What about the rental demand?

We'll answer all these questions for you! When building and updating our property pack for Senegal, our team has been researching and surveying this area. Actually, lots of customers are interested in investing there. So we thought it would be a good idea to add some information about it in our pack.

Investing in real estate in Dakar

Is Dakar an attractive destination for property investment?

Dakar, the capital city of Senegal, has become an increasingly attractive destination for property investment for several reasons.

Its strategic location as a gateway to West Africa, coupled with a stable political climate and a growing economy, makes it a hotspot for investors looking to capitalize on the region's potential.

The real estate market in Dakar is indeed very dynamic. One data point that illustrates this dynamism is the consistent rise in property values over the years.

For instance, certain areas in Dakar have seen property prices increase significantly, with some prime locations doubling in value over a decade. This is a testament to the robust demand and the market's resilience.

Historically, the real estate market in Dakar has shown a pattern of steady growth. While there have been fluctuations, as is common in any market, there hasn't been a major crisis that has significantly affected the overall trajectory of property values in the city. This steady growth is partly due to the increasing urbanization and the influx of foreign investment into Senegal.

When it comes to the types of investment that perform well in Dakar, residential properties in well-located and developed neighborhoods are often sought after. Middle to high-end apartments and houses in areas such as Les Almadies, Ngor, and Point E are particularly popular among both local and international investors. These areas offer a combination of accessibility, amenities, and security that tenants and homeowners value highly. The budget for these investments can vary widely, but properties in these prime locations tend to be on the higher end of the spectrum.

One very specific and positive aspect of properties in Dakar is the architectural blend that reflects both traditional and modern influences. This unique characteristic is not only aesthetically pleasing but also caters to a range of preferences, making properties in Dakar particularly appealing to a diverse group of investors and residents.

Regarding the safety of investment in more traditional places in Dakar, it is generally considered stable. The Senegalese government has made efforts to encourage foreign investment, including in the real estate sector, by improving legal frameworks and offering incentives. This has contributed to a stable environment for investment, although, like any market, there are risks and due diligence is always recommended.

While knowing the local language, which is French in Senegal, can be an advantage when investing in Dakar, it is not an absolute necessity. Many business transactions can be conducted in English, and there are professionals such as real estate agents, lawyers, and consultants who can provide services in multiple languages to facilitate the investment process for non-French speakers.

What are the trends forecasts for the real estate market in Dakar?

These last years, the housing market in Dakar, Senegal, has been experiencing a period of growth, driven by several factors including an increasing population, urbanization, and a rising middle class.

The demand for both residential and commercial properties has been on the rise, leading to a construction boom in the city.

One trend that has been observed is the development of new housing projects on the outskirts of Dakar, as the city center becomes increasingly congested and property prices there continue to climb. This has led to a growing interest in suburban and peri-urban areas where land is more available and affordable. These areas are becoming increasingly attractive for both developers and homebuyers, especially as infrastructure improvements are made.

The real estate market in Dakar could continue to see growth due to several factors. The government of Senegal has been investing in major infrastructure projects, such as the new Blaise Diagne International Airport and the Dakar-Diamniadio Toll Highway, which improve connectivity and could boost property values in nearby areas.

Additionally, Senegal's political stability relative to some of its neighbors makes it an attractive destination for foreign investment.

However, there are also factors that could impact the real estate market negatively. Political or economic instability can deter investment and affect property values.

For example, changes in government policies regarding land ownership rights, taxation on property, or foreign investment could either stimulate or hinder the market. It's important for investors to keep an eye on any upcoming legislation that might affect the real estate sector.

Moreover, economic changes such as inflation, currency fluctuation, or shifts in the job market could also influence the housing market. A strong economy typically supports a strong real estate market, as people have more capital to invest in property.

Conversely, if the economy were to weaken, it could lead to a slowdown in the housing market.

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What types of property can you buy in Dakar? What are the prices and yields?

If you need a detailed and updated analysis of the prices, rents and yields, you can get our full guide about real estate investment in Senegal.

When considering investing in property in Dakar, you have a variety of options to choose from.

The market offers everything from residential apartments and houses to commercial spaces and land for development. Building a property is certainly doable, but it requires navigating local regulations, securing permits, and finding reliable contractors. It's a more complex route but can be rewarding if you're looking to create something tailored to specific needs or to capitalize on a particular market demand.

The average cost of residential properties in Dakar can vary widely based on location, size, and amenities. Upscale neighborhoods like Les Almadies or Ngor might command higher prices, while more modest areas will be more affordable. Prices can range from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of US dollars, with luxury properties going even higher.

In Dakar, as in many cities, there's a mix of renters and owners. The ratio can fluctuate, but there's a significant rental market, often driven by expatriates, diplomats, and international workers who prefer the flexibility of renting. Many investors buy properties with the intention of letting them out. The rental yield potential can be attractive, particularly in well-located areas with high demand for housing.

Rental demand in Dakar is generally strong, especially in central locations and areas popular with expatriates and professionals. Properties that are well-maintained and in secure neighborhoods tend to be in higher demand. The presence of international organizations and foreign embassies in Dakar contributes to a steady influx of temporary residents looking for quality rental accommodation.

Tourism does have an impact on the property market, particularly in terms of short-term rental demand. Properties in tourist-friendly areas or close to the beach can fetch higher rental prices, especially during peak travel seasons. With the rise of online rental platforms, property owners have the opportunity to tap into the tourism market by offering short-term rentals, which can be more lucrative than long-term leases.

Reselling property in Dakar can be relatively straightforward if the property is desirable and priced correctly.

However, as with any property market, liquidity can vary, and some properties may take longer to sell than others. Factors such as location, property condition, and market conditions will influence the ease of resale.

Typical holding periods for property investments can range from a few years to several decades. Much depends on the investor's strategy and how the market evolves over time. Capital gains prospects are similarly variable. In a growing economy with a developing real estate market, there can be significant opportunities for capital appreciation, but this is never guaranteed. Investors should be aware of the economic and political climate, as these can greatly affect property values.

Which areas in Dakar offer the best investment opportunities?

When looking into buying property in Dakar, foreigners often gravitate towards certain areas for a variety of reasons, including lifestyle preferences, investment potential, and community aspects.

Dakar, being the capital and largest city of Senegal, offers a diverse range of neighborhoods that cater to different tastes and budgets.

Areas like Les Almadies, Ngor, and Point E are known to attract a lot of foreign interest. Les Almadies, in particular, is popular due to its proximity to the ocean, modern amenities, and vibrant expat community. It's a place where you can find upscale restaurants, nightclubs, and embassies. The area is quite attractive for those looking for a higher standard of living and willing to pay a premium for it.

Ngor is another area that's well-liked, especially for its island, Ngor Island, which is a small piece of paradise just off the coast. It's a bit more laid back than Les Almadies but still offers a good mix of local culture and modern conveniences. Point E is also a sought-after area due to its central location and the presence of universities, making it a hub for both local and international students.

For those looking for more budget-friendly options, neighborhoods like Yoff and Sicap Baobab offer a more local experience at a lower cost. These areas are still nice for investment as they provide a more authentic Senegalese lifestyle and are well-connected to the rest of the city. They are also experiencing growth, which could lead to an increase in property values over time.

Trending neighborhoods that are becoming more popular include Fann and Mermoz. These areas are seeing a rise in interest due to their relative proximity to the city center and the coastline. They offer a good balance between the bustling city life and quieter residential living.

When considering the pros and cons of each area, you have to weigh factors such as accessibility, amenities, safety, and potential for appreciation. Upscale neighborhoods like Les Almadies offer a lot of amenities and a higher level of security, but they come with a higher price tag and may not offer the same level of cultural immersion as other areas.

On the other hand, more budget-friendly neighborhoods might offer a richer cultural experience and have more room for property value growth, but they may lack some of the modern conveniences and have varying levels of safety.

Predicting the future of property prices and rental demand involves looking at trends such as urban development, infrastructure improvements, and economic growth. Areas that are currently seeing investment in roads, public transportation, and commercial development are likely to experience an increase in property values.

Additionally, neighborhoods that are becoming cultural or economic hubs are likely to see a rise in rental demand.

As for regions to avoid, it's generally wise to be cautious about areas that are prone to flooding, which can be a problem in certain parts of Dakar during the rainy season. Also, areas with higher crime rates or those that are far removed from the city center and basic services might not be the best choice for foreign investors.

When considering purchasing property in Dakar, you have to do thorough research, possibly engage with a local real estate expert, and visit the neighborhoods to get a feel for the area. Understanding the local market, the legalities of property ownership, and the long-term development plans for the city can help inform a sound investment decision.

Here is a summary table to help you visualize better. If you need more detailed data and information, please check our property pack for Senegal.

Area	Attractions	Lifestyle	Cost
Les Almadies	Proximity to ocean, upscale restaurants, nightclubs, embassies	High standard, vibrant expat community	Premium
Ngor	Ngor Island, mix of local culture and modern conveniences	Laid back	Mid-range
Point E	Central location, universities	Educational hub, diverse student population	Mid-range to high
Yoff	Local experience, well-connected to the city	Authentic Senegalese lifestyle	Budget-friendly
Sicap Baobab	Local experience, growth potential	Authentic Senegalese lifestyle	Budget-friendly
Fann	Proximity to city center and coastline	Balanced city and residential living	Mid-range
Mermoz	Proximity to city center and coastline	Balanced city and residential living	Mid-range

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Who can invest in real estate in Dakar?

Investing in property as a foreigner in Dakar

If you're considering investing in housing property in Dakar as a foreigner, you have to understand the legal framework that governs property ownership in Senegal.

Generally, foreigners do have the right to own property in Senegal, including Dakar, but there are certain nuances and requirements you should be aware of.

Firstly, as a foreigner, you can indeed own buildings and apartments in Senegal.

However, when it comes to land ownership, it's a bit more complex. You can purchase land, but there are certain types of land that you cannot own outright, such as agricultural land. For such land, you may only be able to acquire usage rights or a long-term lease.

There are no differences in property ownership rights based on your country of origin. The laws apply equally to all foreigners, regardless of nationality. You do not need to live in Senegal to purchase and own property there.

However, if you plan to stay for an extended period or decide to move there, you may need to obtain a residence permit.

Regarding the duration of ownership, there are no restrictions on how long a foreigner can own property in Senegal. You can own the property indefinitely, and it can be passed on to heirs or sold to another foreigner without additional restrictions.

When it comes to the documentation needed for purchasing property, you will require a Tax Identification Number (TIN). This is essential for the transaction and for tax purposes.

Additionally, you will need to have all the standard legal documents, such as a passport for identification and any other documents that prove your financial capability to purchase the property.

You do not necessarily need specific authorization from a governmental institution to purchase property, but the transaction must go through a notary, who ensures that all legal requirements are met and that the property is registered in your name. The notary will also check that there are no outstanding claims or liens on the property.

Having a local bank account is not strictly necessary, but it can facilitate the process of buying property and managing your finances in Senegal. Payments for the property are typically made in the local currency, the West African CFA franc. While you may be able to make payments in foreign currencies, it is usually more practical to convert your funds into the local currency to avoid exchange rate fluctuations and additional fees.

Foreigners are subject to the same tax rates as locals when it comes to property taxes. It's important to be aware of the ongoing costs associated with property ownership, such as property taxes, utility bills, and maintenance expenses, which will need to be paid in the local currency.

Residency in Dakar

Currently, Senegal, the country where Dakar is the capital, does not have a formal investment or real estate purchase program that automatically grants residency to foreign nationals.

However, owning property can be a positive factor when applying for residency, as it demonstrates ties to the country and a level of commitment to residing there.

To become a resident in Dakar, you would typically start by entering the country on a visa that matches your purpose of stay, such as a tourist visa or a business visa. Once in Senegal, you can apply for a change of status to a residency permit if you meet certain conditions, which may include having a stable income, a clean criminal record, and a valid reason for staying in the country, such as work, family ties, or investment.

The process of applying for residency generally involves submitting various documents, including a passport, visa, proof of income or employment, criminal background check, medical certificate, and proof of accommodation, which could be your property deed or rental agreement. You would submit these documents to the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance (Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire, DST) or a local police station with a foreigners' section.

The minimum investment for considering real estate as a significant tie to Senegal is not officially set, as the real estate purchase is not a direct path to residency. The value of the property should be substantial enough to demonstrate your financial commitment to living in Senegal.

The number of people who have used property ownership as a means to strengthen their residency application is not readily available, as this is not a formalized program with published statistics.

Residency permits in Senegal can vary in duration, often starting with a one-year permit that can be renewed. After a certain period of legal residency, which is typically five years, you may be eligible to apply for permanent residency.

Permanent residency is a more stable status and does not need to be renewed as frequently. It allows you to live indefinitely in the country, but it is separate from citizenship.

Gaining access to citizenship through residency is a separate legal process and typically requires a longer period of continuous legal residence, a deeper understanding of the local language (French), and integration into Senegalese society. The exact requirements for citizenship by naturalization would be detailed in Senegal's nationality code and usually involve a demonstration of good character, legal residence for a prescribed number of years, and sometimes renunciation of your previous nationality.

Remember, immigration laws can change, and it is always best to consult with a local attorney or the Senegalese embassy or consulate for the most current information and personalized legal advice.

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How to get started to invest in real estate in Dakar?

What is the step-by-step process to buy property in Dakar?

We'll give her a brief overview. However, there is a detailed and dedicated document to the buying process in our property pack for Senegal.

When you decide to buy a property in Dakar, the process begins with finding a house that you like.

Once you've found a suitable property, you would typically make an offer through your real estate agent or directly to the seller if you're handling the purchase without an agent. Negotiations on price and terms follow, and when both parties agree, a preliminary contract, often called a "compromis de vente," is signed. This contract outlines the terms of the sale and usually includes a deposit from the buyer, which is a percentage of the purchase price.

After signing the preliminary contract, there is a period during which due diligence is performed. This involves checking the legal status of the property, ensuring there are no outstanding claims or liens, and verifying that the seller has the right to sell the property. This step is crucial and can be complicated, as it requires a thorough understanding of local property laws and regulations. Errors or oversights during this phase can lead to significant problems later on, so it's often advisable to work with a notary or a lawyer who specializes in property law.

One aspect of the property buying process in Dakar that might be unusual compared to other countries is the involvement of the "Notaire," a public official who plays a critical role in the transaction. The Notaire is responsible for ensuring that the transaction complies with Senegalese law and for registering the sale. Their involvement is mandatory, and they handle the final deed of sale, which is the official document that transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer.

The time it takes to complete a property purchase in Dakar can vary widely. It might take a few months from finding a house to obtaining full ownership, but this timeline can be extended if there are complications or delays in any of the steps, especially during the due diligence phase or if there are issues with financing.

While it's not absolutely necessary to know the local language, which is French, to navigate the entire process, it can be extremely helpful. Legal documents and negotiations are typically conducted in French, and having a command of the language can ensure that you fully understand all aspects of the transaction. If you're not fluent in French, it's advisable to work with a bilingual real estate agent or a lawyer who can translate and explain the details to you.

Cultural norms and practices in Dakar can influence the property buying process.

For example, you have to build a good relationship with the seller and any intermediaries, as personal connections and trust can be as important as the formal aspects of the deal.

Additionally, patience is key, as processes may take longer than you're accustomed to in other countries, and pushing too hard or showing impatience can be seen as disrespectful.

Looking for property in Dakar

Please note that there is a list of contacts (real estate agencies, lawyers, notaries, etc.) and websites in our property pack for Senegal.

When you're looking to find a house in Dakar, you have several options at your disposal.

Many people start their search online, using housing portals and websites that list properties for sale or rent. These platforms are convenient because they allow you to filter your search according to your preferences, such as location, price, and type of property. Some of the popular online portals include local real estate websites where you can browse listings and get a sense of the market.

Real estate agents also play a significant role in the Dakar housing market. Working with an agent can be particularly helpful because they have in-depth knowledge of the local market and can provide you with listings that match your criteria. They can also guide you through the process of buying or renting a house, which can be quite complex, especially if you're not familiar with the local real estate practices.

Social media and Facebook groups are another resource where people often post listings or ask for recommendations. These platforms can be useful for getting insights from locals and expatriates who have gone through the process of finding a house in Dakar.

However, you should exercise caution when dealing with listings on social media, as they may not always be reliable.

In terms of reliability, not all real estate agents are created equal. It's important to do your due diligence when choosing an agent. Look for agents who have a good reputation and are recommended by others. A red flag to watch out for is an agent who is unwilling to provide references or seems to be pushing a sale too aggressively without considering your needs.

In Dakar, as in many places, buyers can access property listings directly, but having an agent can simplify the process. Agents often have access to more listings, some of which may not be advertised publicly. They can also provide valuable advice and negotiate on your behalf.

The roles and responsibilities of a buyer's agent and a seller's agent can differ. A buyer's agent works in the best interest of the buyer, helping to find the right property, negotiate the price, and handle the paperwork. A seller's agent, on the other hand, is focused on getting the best deal for the seller. They handle the marketing of the property and work to get the highest possible price.

Real estate agent commissions in Dakar are not necessarily standardized and can vary. It's important to discuss fees upfront and understand what services are included. Typically, the seller pays the agent's commission, but this can be a point of negotiation in the sale agreement.

When dealing with real estate agents, it's wise to be clear about your needs and budget from the outset. Don't be afraid to ask questions and request to see a variety of properties. Negotiation is a part of the process, so be prepared to discuss terms, but always do so respectfully and with a clear understanding of the local market value of properties.

Remember, finding the right house in Dakar, like anywhere else, requires patience and due diligence. Take your time to explore different options and don't rush into a decision. Whether you choose to search online, work with an agent, or use social media platforms, being informed and cautious will serve you well in your search for a new home.

Buying property in Dakar

When you're looking to buy a house in Dakar, it's quite common to negotiate the price.

The amount you can negotiate off the selling price can vary widely depending on the property's location, condition, and how long it's been on the market. There's no set rule for how much to ask as a discount, but it's not unusual for buyers to start the negotiation at around 10% below the asking price and then work from there.

Conducting due diligence is a critical step in the home-buying process. You'll want to ensure that the property you're interested in has a clear title, meaning there are no legal claims against it, such as liens or encumbrances. To conduct a title search, you can visit the local land registry office in Dakar. This is where all property records are held, and you can request to see the documentation related to the property. This will help you verify the seller's right to sell the property and check for any outstanding issues.

While it's not mandatory to hire a lawyer or a notary when buying property in Dakar, it's highly recommended. A lawyer or notary will have the expertise to navigate the legal aspects of the transaction, conduct the title search thoroughly, and ensure that all necessary due diligence is carried out. They can also help with drafting and reviewing the sales agreement to protect your interests. The cost of hiring a legal professional can vary, so it's wise to shop around and get quotes from several sources.

Regarding the specific documents required for the purchase, you'll need to obtain a sales agreement or "compromis de vente," which outlines the terms of the sale. You'll also need the property's title documents, which prove ownership, and any other relevant documents that the seller or your legal advisor deems necessary. These might include recent tax receipts, certificates of compliance for any recent work, and plans or permits if the property has been altered.

Once you've completed all the necessary checks and have all the paperwork in order, the property ownership can be officially transferred and registered. This process involves signing the final sales deed, known as the "acte de vente," in front of a notary. The notary will then register the transaction with the land registry office, which makes the transfer of ownership official and public record. The buyer is usually responsible for the registration fees and any associated taxes.

Remember, buying a house is a significant investment, and you have to take your time, do your homework, and seek professional advice to ensure that everything goes smoothly.

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Financing a property acquisition in Dakar

Financing property investments in Dakar as a foreign investor can be a bit more complex than for local residents.

Typically, foreign investors either bring in their own capital or secure financing from their home country or an international lender, as obtaining a loan from a Senegalese bank can be challenging due to regulatory hurdles, the need for a significant down payment, and potentially higher interest rates.

When you're looking to buy property, the process usually involves paying a deposit first, then the full price later. The deposit is a sign of your commitment to the purchase and is paid when you sign the "promesse de vente" or sales agreement. This deposit is often around 10% of the property's sale price, but it can vary. The remaining balance is then paid at the time of the final sale, which is when the "acte de vente" or deed of sale is signed.

As for loans, it's relatively rare for foreigners to obtain them from local banks in Senegal due to the reasons mentioned earlier. If you do manage to secure a loan, interest rates can be higher than what you might expect in more developed markets. The rates fluctuate based on economic conditions, but they are generally in the double digits, which is considered high compared to many Western countries.

Regarding the deposit, there isn't a one-size-fits-all answer, but you can expect to need at least 10-30% of the total sale value of the property. This range can vary depending on the seller's requirements and the agreements you make during the negotiation process.

Closing costs and fees associated with buying property in Dakar can include notary fees, registration fees, and agency fees if you're using a real estate agent. Notary fees are regulated by the state and can be around 1-2% of the property's sale price. Registration fees are also a percentage of the sale price and can be around 1%. Agency fees vary but are typically around 3-5% of the purchase price.

When it comes to taxes, you'll need to pay a property transfer tax, which is around 5% of the property's value. This is a one-time tax paid by the buyer at the time of purchase. Property tax rates vary depending on the location and type of property but expect to pay an annual property tax based on the assessed value of your property. Capital gains tax is also applicable if you sell the property at a profit, and the rate can vary, but it's generally around 20% of the gain, though there may be exemptions or reductions based on how long you've owned the property.

Additional fees could include legal fees if you hire a lawyer to assist with the transaction, and possibly a surveyor's fee if you require a property survey. It's also wise to consider the cost of insurance, maintenance, and any renovations you might want to make.

Remember, while this gives you a general idea of what to expect, you have to consult with a local real estate professional or legal advisor who can provide guidance tailored to your specific situation and the current market conditions in Dakar.

What are the risks and pitfalls when buying property in Dakar?

When you're considering property investment in Dakar, you have to be aware of the risks that come with the territory.

While property investment can be lucrative, it also carries certain challenges, especially for foreign investors who may not be familiar with the local market and regulations.

One of the primary concerns you might have is the security of property rights for foreigners. In Senegal, the legal framework generally allows foreigners to own property, but the process can be complex and requires navigating through bureaucratic hurdles. It's crucial to ensure that you have clear title to any property you purchase, as there have been instances of land disputes and unclear land titles. To safeguard your investment, it's advisable to work with a reputable local attorney who specializes in property law and can help you understand the nuances of the Senegalese legal system.

There are also pitfalls unique to Dakar that you might not be aware of.

For example, the city has seen rapid development, which has sometimes led to issues with unauthorized construction. This means that you could potentially invest in a property that doesn't comply with local building codes or zoning laws, which could lead to legal complications or even the loss of your investment. Another pitfall is the possibility of encountering difficulties in repatriating funds due to foreign exchange controls or changes in currency valuation, which can affect the profitability of your investment.

Environmental risks are another factor to consider. Dakar, like many coastal cities, is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising sea levels and flooding. These environmental factors can affect property values and lead to increased costs for maintenance and insurance. It's wise to research the location of your potential investment thoroughly and consider factors such as proximity to the coast and elevation to assess the risk of flooding.

While there are no specific case studies of foreign investment failures provided here, it's not uncommon to hear about investors who have faced challenges due to lack of due diligence, fraud, or failure to comply with local regulations. To avoid such scenarios, thorough research and local expertise are essential.

Regarding insurance, you have to have adequate coverage to protect your investment. In Dakar, as in many places, insurance options for property owners include policies that cover fire, theft, natural disasters, and liability. It's advisable to consult with an insurance broker who understands the local market and can offer products that suit your needs as a foreign investor.

Liability concerns are also something to keep in mind. If you're renting out your property, for example, you need to ensure that it meets all safety standards to avoid potential lawsuits from tenants or visitors. Regular maintenance and compliance with health and safety regulations are key to mitigating these risks.

In case of conflicts, Senegal's legal system provides mechanisms for dispute resolution, including the courts and arbitration.

However, the efficiency and reliability of legal proceedings can vary, and it's generally recommended to settle disputes through negotiation or mediation if possible. To protect your rights as a foreign property buyer, you have to have all agreements in writing, properly notarized, and registered with the appropriate authorities.

To mitigate these risks, it's essential to do your homework before investing. This includes conducting a thorough due diligence process, seeking local legal advice, understanding the environmental risks, and ensuring that you have the right insurance in place. By being well-informed and cautious, you can navigate the challenges of property investment in Dakar and increase the chances of a successful and profitable venture.